ABOUT POLAND

Amongst all the countries in Europe, Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a vibrant and strategically located country in Central Europe, with a significant coastline on the Baltic Sea. It is globally recognized as one of the largest economies in the European Union, a major manufacturing hub, and a rapidly developing nation with a rich cultural heritage and a strong focus on innovation. The capital of Poland is Warsaw, which is its largest and most populous city, serving as the country’s primary economic, cultural, and political hub, a major financial center, and a rapidly growing tech and business services destination. According to the report of the World Bank, Poland has been classified as a High-Income Nation, characterized by a dynamic and diversified market economy. The currency of Poland is the Polish Złoty (PLN). As of today’s exchange rates (June 2025), 1 Polish Złoty is approximately 22.94 Indian Rupees. The population of Poland is estimated to be around 38.5 million in 2024. Its neighbouring countries are Germany to the west, Czechia and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine, Belarus, and Lithuania to the east, and Russia (Kaliningrad Oblast) to the north. The official language of the country is Polish. English is widely spoken and understood, especially among younger generations, in business, and in tourist areas, facilitating international communication. The majority of the population identifies as Roman Catholic. Currently, Poland has numerous international airports, with Warsaw Chopin Airport (WAW) being the primary international gateway. Other significant international airports include Krakow (KRK), Gdansk (GDN), Katowice (KTW), and Wroclaw (WRO), offering extensive air connectivity. As a coastal country, Poland boasts crucial commercial seaports in Gdansk, Gdynia, and the Szczecin-Świnoujście complex, which are vital for international trade, serving as key logistics hubs for Central and Eastern Europe and the Baltic region.

The standard corporate income tax rate in Poland is 19%. A reduced rate of 9% may be available for small taxpayers and those commencing business activity, provided their revenues do not exceed €2 million in a given tax year. Poland offers a highly attractive system of investment incentives to encourage foreign direct investment, primarily through the “Polish Investment Zone” (Polska Strefa Inwestycji – PSZ). Under the PSZ, investors can benefit from corporate income tax exemptions for up to 10 to 15 years, depending on the location and size of the investment. Additional incentives include R&D tax relief (allowing deduction of up to 200% of eligible R&D costs), grants for new job creation, and specific support programs for strategic sectors. As a full member of the European Union, Poland benefits from access to the EU’s single market, ensuring free movement of goods, services, capital, and people, and operates within a stable legal framework harmonized with EU directives. Opesh Group of companies will be helping you in the completing Due Diligence process which includes financial planning, registration process, business options, and if required, even helping you find a Rental property for your office.

Establishing a business in Poland is considered relatively straightforward, with a focus on improving its investment climate and simplifying administrative procedures. The Polish Investment and Trade Agency (PAIH) is the primary governmental agency dedicated to promoting and assisting foreign direct investment. A foreign investor who is planning to start his business in Poland can form various company types, with the most common and flexible structures being a Limited Liability Company (Spółka z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością or Sp. z o.o.) or a Joint Stock Company (Spółka Akcyjna or S.A.). The Sp. z o.o. is the most popular choice for foreign investors due to its simplicity, limited liability, and allowing 100% foreign ownership with a minimum share capital of just PLN 5,000 (approx. €1,100). Poland’s legal system is based on civil law, with robust commercial and labor laws fully aligned with EU directives, providing a secure, transparent, and predictable environment for businesses.

In Case an investor is planning to establish a Sp. z o.o. in Poland or a corporate business setup, Opesh Group will be helping you in taking the right decision for setting up your business in Poland and we will also guide you about how to follow the procedure while formulating your company in Poland.

Types of Business which can be started in Poland-

• Automotive Industry: Poland is a major production hub for vehicles, engines, and automotive components. Opportunities exist in advanced manufacturing, R&D, and supply chain integration for electric vehicles (EVs) and traditional vehicles.
• IT & Software Development: A large pool of skilled IT professionals makes Poland a strong location for software development, IT outsourcing, cybersecurity, cloud computing, and AI/ML solutions.
• Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) / Shared Service Centers (SSC): Poland is a leading destination for BPO, IT outsourcing, and SSCs, offering services in finance, accounting, HR, and customer support for international corporations.
• Advanced Manufacturing: Opportunities in high-tech manufacturing, including electronics, household appliances, machinery, and precision engineering, leveraging automation and Industry 4.0 technologies.
• Logistics & Warehousing: Its central location in Europe and well-developed infrastructure make it an ideal hub for logistics, warehousing, and distribution centers for goods moving across the continent.
• Renewable Energy: Significant potential in wind (onshore and offshore) and solar energy. Opportunities exist in project development, manufacturing of components, and related services.
• Agri-food & Food Processing: A strong agricultural base supports opportunities in high-quality food processing, organic food production, and export of processed agricultural products.
• Chemical Industry: Production of plastics, fertilizers, and other chemical products.
• Construction & Infrastructure: Ongoing demand for modernizing roads, railways, and urban infrastructure.

Advantages of Starting Business in Poland-

• Large Domestic Market: The 6th largest economy in the EU by GDP, offering a substantial consumer base and strong internal demand.
• Strategic Location: Centrally located in Europe, providing excellent access to both Western and Eastern European markets, and major transport corridors.
• EU Membership: Full access to the EU single market, political stability, and adherence to EU regulations and standards.
• Skilled & Cost-Competitive Workforce: A well-educated, highly qualified, and multilingual labor force available at competitive costs compared to Western Europe.
• Stable Economy: A resilient economy with consistent GDP growth, even during global downturns, offering a reliable investment environment.
• Attractive Investment Incentives: Comprehensive support programs, including tax exemptions in Polish Investment Zones, R&D tax relief, and grants.
• Well-Developed Infrastructure: Continuous investments in modern road, rail, and port infrastructure, facilitating efficient logistics.
• Growing Innovation Ecosystem: A dynamic startup scene, strong R&D capabilities, and increasing focus on technological advancement.

Business Opportunities for Indians in Poland-

There are excellent business opportunities in Poland for new investors who are planning to start their business abroad. Poland’s large and growing economy, strategic location, and highly skilled workforce present compelling avenues for Indian companies looking for growth in Central and Eastern Europe. Indian investors with strengths in IT services & Software Development (e.g., outsourcing, R&D centers, digital transformation, FinTech solutions), Automotive components & manufacturing, Pharmaceuticals (manufacturing, R&D, distribution), Textiles & Apparel, Food Processing technology and machinery, Renewable Energy projects (solar, wind), and BPO/Shared Service Centers, can find significant potential for investment, collaborations, and market entry into the wider European market.

Imports & Exports-

Many goods are imported and exported from Poland. Imports and exports business is an ever-growing business in any country; however, you need to do proper R&D before investing in that product which you can import or export. You need to check whether that product is suitable for your target market and how much revenue you will be able to generate from that market.

Major items which are exported from Poland:

• Machinery and transport equipment (cars, parts, electrical machinery)
• Manufactured goods (furniture, plastics, rubber products)
• Chemicals and related products
• Food and live animals
• Mineral fuels and lubricants
• Base metals

Major items which are imported in Poland:

• Machinery and transport equipment
• Mineral fuels and lubricants (crude oil, natural gas)
• Chemicals and related products
• Manufactured goods
• Food and live animals

Major items traded between Poland and India (as of 2023-2025 data):

• Exports from Poland to India: Machinery, chemicals, base metals, transport equipment, some agricultural products (e.g., fresh fruits, dairy products).
• Imports in Poland from India: Pharmaceuticals, tea, coffee, spices, textiles, organic chemicals, machinery, and some electronic components.

Manufacturing-

Manufacturing in Poland is a robust and diversified sector, serving as a key driver of the country’s economic growth and a major contributor to its exports. It is highly integrated into global supply chains. Key manufacturing sectors include automotive (cars, buses, components), electronics and household appliances (Poland is a major producer of white goods), machinery and equipment, furniture, food and beverage processing, and chemicals. The sector is increasingly adopting advanced technologies and automation.

Mining-

The mining business in Poland is significant, primarily focused on coal. Poland is one of Europe’s largest producers of hard coal and also has substantial reserves of lignite (brown coal), which is used for power generation. Beyond coal, Poland is a notable producer of copper and silver. There are also operations for other industrial minerals such as rock salt, sulfur, and zinc. The mining sector remains a crucial, though evolving, component of Poland’s economy.

Major Indian companies which are currently working in Poland-

Several Indian companies have established a significant presence or are actively pursuing business opportunities in Poland, particularly in the IT, automotive, and pharmaceutical sectors, leveraging Poland’s strategic location and skilled workforce.

• Tata Consultancy Services (TCS): Has a major presence in Poland, with multiple delivery centers providing IT and BPO services.

• Wipro: Operates a global delivery center in Poland, focusing on IT services and consulting.

• Infosys: Also has a presence in Poland, providing various IT and consulting services to European clients.

• Lupin Pharmaceuticals: Has a commercial presence in the Polish pharmaceutical market.

• Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories: Operates in Poland, focusing on the distribution and sales of pharmaceutical products.

• Mahindra & Mahindra: While direct large-scale manufacturing might be limited, there are activities related to automotive component supply or partnerships.

• ArcelorMittal: Although globally headquartered in Luxembourg, it has a significant presence in Poland’s steel industry, and has Indian origins.

• GDP = $833 billion (nominal, 2024 est.)

• GDP Growth = 3.2% (2025 forecast by IMF), 2.9% (2024 est. by IMF)

• Ease of doing business rank = The World Bank’s ‘Doing Business’ report has been discontinued. However, Poland has consistently ranked favorably in other international indices for business environment and investor attractiveness, reflecting continuous efforts to improve regulatory frameworks.

• GDP per Capita = $22,835 (nominal, 2024 est.)

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